SURVEY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE
- Michael Motas
- Sep 14, 2020
- 21 min read
Updated: Nov 1, 2020
Course Description: This course engages students in a historical survey of selected literary works produced by understanding English and American literature from its beginnings to the 21st century.
LESSON 1: OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE
Old English literature is also called Anglo-Saxon literature in which this literature is written in Old English. Old English prose works include legal writings, medical tracts, religious texts, and translations from Latin and other languages. Particularly notable is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a historical record begun about the time of King Alfred’s reign and continuing for more than three centuries.
In contrast to Modern English, Old English had three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) in the noun and adjective, and nouns, pronouns, and adjectives were inflected for case. Noun and adjective paradigms contained four cases and they are as follows; nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative. While pronouns also had forms for the instrumental case. Old English had a greater proportion of strong verbs (sometimes called irregular verbs in contemporary grammars) than does Modern English. Many verbs that were strong in Old English are weak (regular) verbs in Modern English.
(credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
PSALM XIII
In this particular story, I have come up on the idea that praising and praying on Him will hits different. i mean, believing on Him will always strengthens our faith and it will make us a good and a model person to people. The moral of this is it really highlights about "praying". "Consider and hear me, O LORD my God: lighten my eyes, lest I sleep the sleep of death; Lest mine enemy say, I have prevailed against him; and those that trouble me rejoice when I am moved. But I have trusted in thy mercy; my heart shall rejoice in thy salvation." In this prayer, I can really tell that this person is really devoted to Christ in all aspects of life.
When life gives you lemons, make lemonade. “Lemons” is referring to something bad, unfortunate, distasteful, or an obstacle. Thus, lemons are sour, and most people don’t like eating them (although there are the few who do). Lemonade, on the other hand, is delicious and refreshing, as long as it is made right. Lots of people enjoy a glass of lemonade on a hot day. The phrase means to change something bad and make it good for you. Just like life, if something bad happens, we should never quit. Instead, we should step forward and fight on. In just three particular words I can sum up everything I've learned about life: it goes on.
Some of the verses that can be found in the Book of Psalm (credits to the rightful owner of the photos)
THE PRODIGAL SON
In this particular story that could be seen in the Bible I comprehend that as long as we are willing to make a confession and willingly accept our sins, everything will follow if we trust on Him. Also, this parable taught us not to be too full of ourselves and to always love, show forgiveness and accept mistakes. Never hold grudges especially to your family members because it is really a sin if we have root of anger towards them and we should give people a second chance to prove themselves that they are worth it to be valued.
The younger son has a long road ahead of him. It is the road of recovery. It is a road all of us have been on and are on. The older son also has a road to recovery, and it is also our path. The two brothers are on the same road together, each learning in his own way to be content by the Father’s side, each learning to receive a gift that goes far beyond their ability to repay.
Image of The Prodigal Son (credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
LESSON 2: Middle English Literature
By the end of the 12th century, English poetry had been so heavily influenced by French models that such a work as the long epic Brut by Lawamon. The Brut draws mainly upon Wace’s Anglo-Norman Roman de Brut. The Brut exists in two manuscripts, one written shortly after 1200 and the other some 50 years later. That the later version has been extensively modernized and somewhat abridged suggests the speed with which English language and literary tastes were changing in this period.
During this time, the Norman conquest is the reason why there is the presence of transitioning from Old English to Middle English Literature. I reckon that during this period, they adapted some French words to the existing old English words in which they can be found in some words with prefixes, suffixes and so on. On the other hand, there are also situations wherein the name of the English animals will be changed once it will become a food say for example from cow that became beef.
English survived in the Norman Conquest (credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
On the other hand, Ormulum refers to the 19,000 biblical texts that could be seen mostly in the holy bible. The words there were in still used in today’s time and might as well those old English words will somehow change and can be doubled in consonants like from the word diner that becomes dinner.
During the resurgence of English, English language is the third language in England and even this language is not their official one it became a threat to the French people. Thus, they think that if English language will dominate therefore people will no longer used the French language and because of this idea, The Hundred Year War against France is present. There were lot of English people who were dead during the war and it was approximately about 4 million including a disproportionate number of the Latin speaking clergy. But later on, English language dominated against French and great authors and/or writers followed this time and they make their own masterpiece that influences people of their literary works and some of them became famous like the great author Geoffrey Chaucer who’s became the Father of English Literature because of his influential piece namely ‘The Canterbury Tales”. This tale is consisting of 24 stories with the same theme that focuses on social satire.
The Norman Conquest during the Middle Age (credits to the rightful owner of the photos)
The Canterbury Tales
Chaucer introduced many new words into the language, up to 2,000 by some counts, these were almost certainly words in everyday use in 14th Century London, but first attested in Chaucer’s written works. Words like paramour, difficulty, significance, dishonesty, edifice, ignorant, etc, are all from French roots, but when he wanted to portray the earthy working man of England. The consciously used much more Old English vocabulary, and he also reintroduced many old words that had fallen out of favor, such as churlish, farting, friendly, learning, loving, restless, wifely, willingly, etc.
(credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
I have understand that The Canterbury Tales is a collection of 24 stories that runs to over 17,000 lines written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer between 1387 and 1400. In 1386, Chaucer became Controller of Customs and Justice of Peace and, in 1389, Clerk of the King's work. Social satire is the major theme of The Canterbury Tales in which it refers to the used of humor, irony, exaggeration of ridicule.
In this tale written by Geoffrey Chaucer, It may not seem unusual to modern readers that Chaucer wrote in the language that people in his area actually spoke, which is called vernacular, but it actually was a bold decision. Most poets during that time were writing in an earlier version of the language we know as French, or Latin. These were the languages of scholars, religious figures, and upper class people. As an upper-class, well-educated person himself, Chaucer would have been able to write in various languages because he is consider as a multi-lingual person but he chose to write The Canterbury Tales in the vernacular of his country that more people would understand and connect to. For this reason, The Canterbury Tales is regarded as one of the first poems written in the English language, and Chaucer himself is one of the ''fathers'' of the written English language.
Some photos of the famous "The Canterbury Tales" (credits to the rightful owner of the photos)
LESSON 3: ENGLISH RENAISSANCE
During this period, the Renaissance was a revival of classical learning and a flowering of arts and culture starting in Italy and spreading throughout Europe in the 14th through early 17th centuries. I have learned that classical learning refers to the study of ancient Greek and Latin writers, the mathematicians, and the philosophers. Scholars began to focus less on Christian related writings and more on pre-Christian art and thought.
The people of the Renaissance loved design and valued beauty and especially the nature and elaboration. Today’s common minimalist writing style, which strives for the quickest and shortest way to say anything, would neither have impressed nor interested readers and writers of the Renaissance period. In this era, there were great writers and especially literary works that have been spread throughout their country and across the globe. The great authors especially William Shakespeare contributed a lot in the world of literature. Thus, William Shakespeare has become an important landmark in English literature. He is also credited with being one of the first writers to use any modern prose in his writings; in fact, the growth of the popularity of prose in Shakespeare's time is clearly shown as he used prose progressively more throughout his career.
William Shakespeare (credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
William Shakespeare was a renowned English poet, playwright, and actor born in 1564 in Stratford. His birthday is most commonly celebrated on the 23rd of April. Which is also believed to be the date he died in 1616.
SONNET 116
The poet here meditates on what he sees as the truest and strongest kind of love, that between minds. He defines such a union as unalterable and eternal.
(credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
In this certain poem written by William Shakespeare, I have learned that love is so powerful. In this world we live in, I must say that without the presence of love with our family and friends there will be no good outcomes to be happened and might as well it gives people joy and happiness experience toward another.
Love is everything because through this feeling we are able to take risk and sacrifice a lot just to express it to the one whom we truly love. Even in simple things, if we make people happy, it's already a sign of genuine love to them. On the side of the note, love also makes people crazy and limited, in which there are times that there will be instances to occur like unrequited love, and that begins to a total heartbreak of a person. I can say love is powerful because it affects of who you are as a person. Even if you are fat or thin, strong or weak, people will really breakthrough if they never receive love that they think they deserve.
LESSON 4: NINETEENTH CENTURY LITERATURE
After the American Revolution, and increasingly after the War of 1812, American writers were exhorted to produce a literature that was truly native. As if in response, four authors of very respectable stature appeared. William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, and Edgar Allan Poe initiated a great half century of literary development.
(credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
I can associate that during the 19th century literature, it is the major shift from classical view to poetry. In which it includes literary works that mostly authors based their emotions on it and as we go along with the reading of literatures we can determine the flow of their feelings of the author with the use of common language. On the other hand, 19th century literature also focuses more on romanticism, meaning it is best understood not as a movement, but as a mindset. The artists, poets and other great musicians of the Romantic period were united by their determination and passion to use their art to convey emotion or provoke an emotional response from audiences.
THE LAMB
The Lamb is a poem by English visionary William Blake, published in his 1789 collection Songs of Innocence. The poem sees in the figure of the lamb an expression of God's will and the beauty of God's creation. The poem is told from the perspective of a child, who shows an intuitive understanding of the nature of joy and, indeed, the joy of nature.
The Lamb Written By William Blake (credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
The Lamb written by William Blake is a warm and curious poem that uses the lamb as a symbol for Christ and the nature of God's creation. Although there are two stanzas in this poem, the poet speaks to the lamb, asking it if it knows who was responsible for creating it. We can really tell that the traditional image of Jesus as a lamb underscores the Christian values like gentleness, genuine love and peace. It gives us a message about life that a faithful person will be richly blessed, but one eager to get rich will not go unpunished.
The poem introduces its main theme right at the start. From the first line onward, the poem focuses on the nature of creation. The first three lines and the rest of the stanza set up a question that the second stanza will answer. While the poem specifically discusses the lamb, the lamb is also a kind of representative of the entirety of God's creation.
Jesus was God himself, showing that childhood is in fact, something sacred. To underline the link between the lamb, the child, and God, the speaker states that “we are called by his name.” That is, they are unified because they are all a part of God.
LESSON 5: CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH LITERATURE
World War I created a profound sense of crisis in English culture, and this became even more intense with the worldwide economic collapse of the late 1920s and early ’30s, which it is the rise of fascism, the Spanish Civil War and the approach of another full-scale conflict in Europe. It is not surprising, that much of the writing of the 1930s was bleak and pessimistic. Moreover, even Evelyn Waugh’s sharp and amusing satire on contemporary England, Vile Bodiesended with another person, create a more disastrous war.
(credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
The writing of the interwar period had great breadth and diversity, from Modernist experimentation to new documentary modes of realism and from art as propaganda (particularly in the theatre) to conventional fiction, drama, and poetry produced for the popular market. During these times, two trends stand out: first, the impact of film on the writing of the decade, not least on styles of visual realization and dialogue, and second, the ubiquitous preoccupation with questions of time, on the psychological, historical, and even cosmological levels. As the world became less stable, writers sought both to reflect this and to seek some more-fundamental grounding than that provided by contemporary circumstances. As a result of late 20th-century re-readings of Modernism, scholars now recognize the central importance of women writers to British Modernism.
The two most innovatory novelists to begin their careers soon after World War II were also religious believers—William Golding and Muriel Spark. In novels of poetic compactness, they frequently return to the notion of original sin—the idea that, in Golding’s words, “man produces evil as a bee produces honey.” Concentrating on small communities, Spark and Golding transfigure them into microcosms.
Just as some postcolonial novelists used myth, magic, and fable as a stylistic throwing off of what they considered the alien supremacy of Anglo-Saxon realistic fiction. Though numerous feminist novelists took to Gothic, fairy tale, and fantasy as countereffects to the “patriarchal discourse” of rationality, logic, and linear narrative. The most gifted exponent of this kind of writing, which sought immediate access to the realm of the subconscious, was Angela Carter, whose exotic and erotic imagination unrolled most eerily and resplendently in her short-story collection The Bloody Chamber and Other Stories (1979).
Book 2: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
In the book 2 of the Harry Potter, I'd have learned something that when Harry returned to Hogwarts, he realized he had developed a cult following. Fellow student Colin Creevy constantly took some pictures of him, Ginny Weasley, Ron's sister, seemed to had developed a crush on Harry and Professor Gilderoy Lockhart, a pompous wizard, boasts about Harry's accomplishments and their nonexistent rapport.
Harry Potter Book II Cover (credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
The trouble begins when someone opens the Chamber of Secrets, hidden under the dungeons of Hogwarts. The Chamber was a home to a Basilisk, a snake-like monster that attacked a Muggle-born students, turning them into stones. Browsing through the restricted section in the library archives, Ron, Hermione and Harry learn that the Chamber was built by Salazar Slytherin and could be opened only by his pure-blood heir. Harry feared that he himself may be a Slytherin's heir since he could speak the snake language, Parseltongue.
While Harry, Ron and Hermione were busy making plans to go to the Chamber of Secrets, Ginny disappears and the three of them tried to find her. As few hours passed by, Harry and Ginny were trapped in the Chamber of Secrets with the Basilisk. Fawkes, Dumbledore's faithful phoenix, delivers the Sorting Hat to Harry, who draws the sword of Gryffindor from it. With the sword, Harry blinds and maims the Basilisk, which manages to bite Harry at the last minute. Dying from the Basilisk's poison, Harry is revived by Fawkes' rejuvenating tears.
It turns out that Ginny had opened the Chamber of Secrets under the guidance of Voldemort, who controlled her through his enchanted diary. Gilderoy Lockhart is revealed as a fraud. Dobby is Lucius Malfoy's elf and was trying his best to protect Harry from harm. Dumbledore puts to rest any suspicion that Harry is Slytherin's heir and makes his famous comment: "It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities." Harry could not have wielded the sword of Gryffindor if he did not truly belong to that house. I could really say that strong companionship was way better than fighting a battle with just on your own self against monsters. Indeed, their plan to get to the Chamber of Secrets had been successful and at the same time they'd killed the Basilisk.
LESSON 6: AMERICAN LITERATURE
Like any other national literatures, American literature was shaped by the history of the country that produced it. For almost a century and a half, America was merely a group of colonies scattered along the eastern seaboard of the North American continent. On the other hand, after a successful rebellion against the motherland, America became the United States, a nation. Meanwhile, the rise of science and industry, as well as changes in ways of thinking and feeling, wrought many modifications in people’s lives. All these factors in the development of the United States molded the literature of the country.
(credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
In the other side of aspects, the 17th-century American writings were in the manner of British writings of the same period. John Smith wrote in the tradition of geographic literature, Bradford echoed the cadences of the King James Bible, while the Mathers and Roger Williams wrote bejeweled prose typical of the day. And after a century, Benjamin Franklin was exposed together with the other great writers and poets. The life of Benjamin Franklin can be considered as a gem because he contributes a lot of English writing in the American literature. Thus, he is one of the leading figures of early American history. He was a statesman, author, publisher, scientist, inventor and diplomat. Born into a Boston family of modest means, Franklin had little formal education. He went on to start a successful printing business in Philadelphia and grew wealthy.
Benjamin Franklin’s self-attained culture, deep and wide, gave substance and skill to varied articles, pamphlets, and reports that he wrote concerning the dispute with Great Britain, many of them extremely effective in stating and shaping the colonists’ cause. Benjamin Franklin’s pamphlet entitled “Common Sense” did much influence and is the reason that the colonists declare their independence in States. After a couple century, poetry became a weapon during the American Revolution, with both loyalists and continentals urging their forces on, stating their arguments, and celebrating their heroes in verse and songs.
THE WHISTLE
In this parable, American statesman and scientist Benjamin Franklin explains how an extravagant purchase in his childhood taught him a lesson for life. In his worked entitled, "The Whistle," notes Arthur J. Clark, "Franklin recounted an early memory that provides a resource for revealing features of his personality" (Dawn of Memories, 2013).
(credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
This story relates how the seven-year-old Franklin's delight in a new toy turns to dismay when he learned that he had paid far too much for it. Franklin crafted the tale into a moral lesson urging others to question the undue value attributed to material possessions. The moral point that Benjamin Franklin made by telling the story was that he'd reminded people to stopped doing something that was not worth it and even buying unnecessary things.
The story emphasized that whistle was somewhat a signal to us to made a better decision in life to be good and remain good at all costs. However, life was somewhat frustrating because we need to question the undue value attributed to material possessions. And by that said, we need to balanced everything that we'd think was essential to us and we should prohibit ourselves from thinking of unworthy things.
In life, I also experienced investing my time to wrong things and even people whom I am closed with. Subsequently, I was really happy and at the same time I was downcast because I know my limitation as a person but I didn’t think on that way. I prioritize my happiness though I knew at the end part it will destroy me. I have comprehend that we should never forget the happenings from the past, instead we should learn from it. If we start asking the right questions, there were countless life giving lessons we can learn from our past. Never feel that you have to be defined by it. But it would be equally foolish to forget it completely when it offers so much potential for the present.
LESSON 7: AMERICAN LITERATURE AUTHORS
The greatest American writers are some of the tops in their fields, producing some of the best novels, essays, films, short stories, narrative stories, fictional stories, stage plays, and poems of all time. While many have stood the test of time and are firmly represented in the literary canon, it remains to be seen whether more contemporary American authors of the 21st Century will be remembered in decades to come.
(credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
These were some of the notable authors of American literature include: John Smith, who wrote some of its earliest works; Phillis Wheatley, who wrote the first African American book; Edgar Allan Poe, a standout of the Romantic era; Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a celebrated poet; Emily Dickinson, a woman who wrote poetry at a time when the field was largely dominated by men; Mark Twain, a master of humor and realism; Ernest Hemingway, a novelist who articulated the disillusionment of the Lost Generation; and Toni Morrison, a writer who centered her works on the black experience and received a Nobel Prize in 1993.
I reckoned that every American literature authors gave a lot of contributions in shaping and getting the American independence. Together they empowered the American literature and it influences the other countries to do the same as well. On the other hand, one of the things that I can associate in most American literatures: the literary works were focuses on romanticism and a small bit of a revolution. Romanticism became popular in American politics, philosophy, and art.
The movement appealed to the revolutionary spirit of America as well as to those longing to break free of the strict religious traditions of the early settlement period. The Romantics rejected rationalism and religious intellect. It appealed especially to opponents of Calvinism, a protestant sect that believes the destiny of each individual is preordained by God.
TO MY MOTHER
The poem begins with the speaker describing the importance of the term “mother.” He believes that this phrase was coined by the angels as there was no word so devotional as that of Mother. The speaker continued on to the state that the woman he was speaking of was not his biological mother, but the mother of his wife, Virginia. This woman was more dear to him than his own mother, mostly due to the fact that she was responsible for the creation of Virginia. It was through her that his heart was filled.
(credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
In the final lines of this piece, the speaker reiterates how important this new mother was to him and how she outweighs what he'd feels for his birth mother. The woman who gave birth to him was nothing more to him than just that, the person who made him. But the love feels for Virginia’s mother stems from the infinity of the love he felt, and feels, for his wife.
In the story, I comprehend that we need to give love and equal amount of attention to our biological mother. They were very essential to us and they were the reason why we were here living on earth today. Some mothers, especially in our new generation evolve as the sole providers of the family. Many people were saying that mothers were the emotional backbones of the family. If problems occurred they were the strongest person to hold back and we could always rely on them and they were always there to help us when we were undergoing certain emotional or physical problems along the way in the challenges of life.
A mother’s unconditional love can’t be replaced. As their own children, let us show them our appreciation and love of the priceless sacrifice they have done every day since we were born. For this moment, we were making our dreams come true and facing our adult life and growth, but we should always remember that they were also getting old every day.
THE ROAD NOT TAKEN
In this particular poem written by Robert Frost, I have comprehend something in life that we should make the right decisions that we think would help us to develop and succeed in life. Making life choices don’t have guarantees.
(credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
The Road Not Taken was all about what did not happen. This person, faced with an important conscious decision, chose the least popular, the path of most resistance. He was destined to go down one, regretted not being able to take both, so he sacrificed one for the other. I have learned that although we chose the other side of the path it doesn't mean that we were in the wrong decision. It means we are brave enough in choosing other paths for our own development. The path we take signifies that we like explorations, we like change and we like to become better.
We do not really know where a road will lead us until we take it. This was one of the most important things you need to realized about life. Nobody said that choosing to do the right thing all the time would always lead you to happiness. Just like loving someone with all your heart and it does not guarantee that the love would be returned to yourself. Gaining fame and fortune does not guarantee happiness. There were too many possible outcomes, which you really cannot control. The only thing you have power over was the decisions that you make along the way, and how you would act and react to different situations.
Ultimately, the reader was left to made up their own minds about the emotional state of the speaker at the end. Thus the choice of the road less travelled a positive one? It certainly made "all the difference," but Frost does not make it clear just what this difference is. On the other hand, even if we chose the other direction it means we were positive enough to take more risk and we were tough enough because we were independent. But who knows what the future holds down the road. The speaker entails that, when he's old enough he might look back at this turning point in his life, the morning he took the road less travelled, taking that particular route completely altered his way of being.
LESSON 8: CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN LITERATURE
The United States of America, which emerged from World War II confident and economically strong, entered the Cold War in the late 1940s. This conflict with the Soviet Union shaped global politics for more than four decades, and the proxy wars and threat of nuclear annihilation that came to define it were just some of the influences shaping American literature during the second half of the 20th century.
This picture shows the devastated situation during the WWI (credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
Similar to Modernism’s WWI influence WWII advanced technology, horrific casualties, introduction of nuclear warfare Human nature questioned – Holocaust. During this time, the writers were focused more on the meaning of war, the devastated-long-run combat in the battlefield, the great loss of human life, and feared what the future would hold. The effort to contain the spread of communism was that the U.S. The military became deeply involved in civil affairs of other countries because they wanted to show to the other neighboring countries that they were more powerful, more dominated and more advanced when it comes to military weapons and war ships. Also, the Vietnam war lasted more than 20 years and caused a great deal of conflict stateside.
After so many decades, modernism entered the life of many and the modernists of the previous era became disillusioned with the American Dream. The American dream became simpler than what it used to be. It became the idea of owning a home or property. On the other hand, they were more advanced and their economy became rich. It gave them the right to own something luxury like owning a car, fancy houses and a lot of fortune things that were so expensive to dealt with. The writers began to protest the shallowness of America and those that conformed to the norm. This was where the idea of a “beatnik” was born.
In the American Contemporary Period, there was a marked shift from stories that showed realistic events and situations to portraying the inner experiences and sometimes irrational psychology of human beings. In addition, there were also some concepts that were born and used by most American authors. Expressionism was one of that and the attempt to this was to show the character's inner struggles, and the writers in the contemporary period will illustrate the character's state of mind as often as possible.
Nicholas Sparks was one of the greatest writer in history. He was an American novelist known for his best-selling tales of romance and heartbreak. Thus, Sparks grew up mainly in North-Central California, where his family moved when he was eight.
EVERY BREATH
In this particular novel written by Nicholas Sparks, I have comprehend the connection between the characters of the story and somehow they gave me the realistic idea that love was a game. The novel starts wherein Tru Walls and Hope Anderson were two people from completely different parts of the world and met at Sunset Beach in North Carolina.
(credits to the rightful owner of the photo)
Tru was from Africa and works as a safari guide. Hope was a trauma nurse from North Carolina and had never been to Africa. She had a boyfriend of six years, but were on a break because well he was a jerk. After a few days together, they both knew they had fallen in love with one another and eventually told each other. But their lives were on completely different paths and there were things Hope wanted that Tru just wouldn’t be able to give her. There was a lot more to this and that she don’t want to give away, but they had a heartbreaking parting and never spoke again until decades later when Hope was trying to find him.
I’m glad they found each other again after so long, but I’m in despair when the moment came that they didn’t have the time together to bond and unfortunately, the remaining time they had was clearly going to be short. I've concluded that Nicholas Sparks was a very well known and was a very great American writer of all time. He still was able to write characters and novels to make us turn emotionally connected to them. Knowing that this book was inspired by a true story, it made me more sad to know the ending and to know they spent so much time apart.
If I am one of the characters in the novel I would compromise my happiness for the success of my relationship because if you can’t be happy then it's not possible to keep the relationship a happy one. The best thing to do is we need to engage ourselves to the positive outlooks and/or positive compromises in life. We should try also to compromise in a positive way, rather than always sacrificing. Most of us are naturally resistant to change, because with change comes uncertainty. Of course, it’s very natural to feel somewhat resistant to change, because it requires us to step out of our usual routine and can initially make us feel like we’re losing control. But trying to stay open minded (always) will help us maintain a positive outlook towards life and it can guarantee happiness in most relationships.
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